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Research vision /mission statement
Background: Philosophers have long contemplated the origins of their own first-person phenomenal experience and the origins of what feels like freely willed behavior. Neuroscientists have made tremendous progress explaining the neurobiological mechanisms linking sensory stimulation, cognitive processes, and behavior – to the point where some philosophers (and scientists) believe that the phenomenal experiences of being and choosing are ‘simply’ illusions. Nonetheless, phenomenal experience and choice (illusory or real) are fundamental phenomena – experiences that people that describe having – whose neurobiological mechanisms remain to be explained.
The significance of understanding the neurobiological mechanisms that give rise to phenomenal experience and what feels like freely willed behavior cannot be understated. Every aspect of being human is influenced by these two phenomena. This is perhaps nowhere more apparent than in the medical context – particularly in psychiatric, neurologic, and neurosurgical medicine where disorders of phenomenal experience and loss of control are at the core of psychiatric and neurologic health conditions. Further, phenomenal experience and choice influence every aspect of being an individual human as well as how our families, communities, and societies interact and organize.
Disorders and trauma involving the human brain are a big deal! The U.S. government and U.S. healthcare industry funds trillions of dollars in research trying to develop treatments for a wide range of problems involving the human brain. Most of these funds go towards clinical trials and basic research aimed at testing potential interventions or understanding ‘what has gone wrong’ in brain disorder ‘X’. Lost in this race to develop the next cure or treatment is a focused effort to investigate and understand the basic mechanisms of human brain function, particularly those mechanisms supporting human phenomenal experience and processes that give rise to what (at least) feels like freely willed behavior.
Overarching hypothesis: My research program is founded on the overarching hypothesis that conscious phenomenal experience and willful choice behavior are evolutionarily derived products of natural selection that resulted in the full spectrum of human (phenomenal) experiences and (willful) behavior existing today. A corollary hypothesis is that phenomenal experience and willful choice must generate biological signals that have increased the genetic fitness of organisms that carried the biological substrates that supported them. If biological systems can generate and detect these signals and natural selection can act on them, then scientists should be able to as well. This means that we should be able to measure and characterize phenotypes and associated neural and genetic architectures that support phenomenal experience and willful choice in humans, as well as possible variants or components of these systems in non-human model organisms.
Training and Mentoring Approach:
I take a highly individualized approach to mentorship. I seek out diversity (racial, ethnic, cultural, and academic expertise/training) in my mentees. My approach is informed by my own experiences, which represents a non-traditional academic path from “at risk youth” to tenured associate professor at a major medical research institution. I identify as mixed-race, am a first-generation college student, and was raised by a single parent in in a very diverse community. I have witnessed friends and classmates enter the juvenile legal system in middle school and high school. I have experienced what is it like to struggle to find one’s way through academics without mentorship (nearly impossible, but for some luck) and the tremendous acceleration that is possible when one is fortunate enough to come across a caring and effective mentor. I continue to further develop my mentorship approach through coursework and workshops aimed at developing best practices in mentorship methods. Additionally, I seek direct feedback from my mentees and use this information to grow and adapt to my mentees needs.
At each major transition in my research and scientific training (undergraduate to graduate to postdoctoral to faculty) I changed my methodological focus. While I was always focused on a particular scientific question, I changed research methodology in order to pursue the level of investigation I believed would be most fruitful. I started with an interest in genetics and philosophy (of mind), transitioned to molecular and behavioral neurobiology (in rodents), and then again transitioned to computational neuroscience and human cognition.
Now, I use my highly collaborative and internationally recognized research program to promote my mentees and create professional networks for them to grow within and thrive scientifically and professionally.
At every stage, I have been challenged with learning very different ways of thinking and attacking problems (e.g., scientific, and personal/professional). This has given me a unique breadth of expertise that allows me to engage with mentees from many backgrounds and levels of expertise and meet them with an individualized mentorship approach. I also recognize that a mentee’s goals may change over time and so I regularly meet with mentees and adapt our mentorship/mentee-ship goals to ensure that we are maximizing our time together and preparing the mentee for the next stages of their career. I work side-by-side with my mentees (weekly meetings) to work through problems and challenges and try to create a space where we are learning together.
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Activities:
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are important to me. I have made efforts to support DEI throughout my career and at many levels including efforts within my own lab, and at departmental and institutional levels.
Within my own lab, I support diversity, equity, and inclusion by recruiting and hiring traditionally underrepresented individuals to my team. I support this through actively seeking out and recruiting underrepresented candidates through inclusive interviewing and recruitment methods and a mentorship approach that is individualized to each candidate and mentee.
I have served as my department’s Inclusion committee chair for over 2 years. In this role, I served on the “Culture” working group, one of six working groups with an overarching institutional “Racial Equity Task Force”. The Racial Equity Task Force was charged by the CEO and Dean with assessing the state of DEI efforts and failures at the institutional level (within Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Hospital and Wake Forest School of Medicine) and create an institution strategy for tangible and sustainable steps for racial equity.
I am a co-founder of the Asian American Pacific Islander Affinity Group at Wake Forest School of Medicine, which has recently merged with the Asian Heritage & Allies System Resource Group within the larger Atrium Health Network. The primary objectives of this group are to promote networking, education, and mentorship for the AHWFB community and supporters of DEI with a particular focus on Asian heritage in all its diversity.
I have served as an invited panelist on a townhall-style discussion and dialogue on the topic of “Anti-Asian Violence and Bias” that was held in the aftermath of the Atlanta shootings and anti-Asian violence that was amplified during the peak of the pandemic.
I have also participated in institutional “Courageous Conversations”, a series of institution-wide virtual discussions on a wide range of topics dealing with race, identity, diversity, equity, and inclusion.
I have been invited and continue to participate as a mentor and discussion leader on “Inclusive Leadership”. This 2-hour discussion in one session in a series that provides participants with DEI training and a certificate that is recognized by our institution.
Google Scholar Link
Subsecond fluctuations in extracellular dopamine encode reward and punishment prediction errors in humans [PDF]
L. PAUL SANDS, ANGELA JIANG, BRITTANY LIEBENOW, EMILY DIMARCO, ADRIAN W. LAXTON, STEPHEN B. TATTER, P. READ MONTAGUE, AND KENNETH T. KISHIDA
Science Advances 9(48)
Comparison of dopamine release and uptake parameters across sex, species and striatal subregions [PDF]
L Kuiper, A West, E DiMarco, E Galante, M Dawes, K Kishida, S Jones
(preprint) European Journal of Neuroscience
Noradrenaline tracks emotional modulation of attention in human amygdala [PDF]
Dan Bang, Yi Luo, Leonardo S Barbosa, Seth R Batten, Beniamino Hadj-Amar, Thomas Twomey, Natalie Melville, Jason P White, Alexis Torres, Xavier Celaya, Priya Ramaiah, Samuel M McClure, Gene A Brewer, Robert W Bina, Terry Lohrenz, Brooks Casas, Pearl H Chiu, Marina Vannucci, Kenneth T Kishida, Mark R Witcher, P Read Montague
Current Biology 33(12)
Sub-second Dopamine Signals during Risky Decision-Making in Patients with Impulse Control Disorder [PDF]
Brittany Nicole Liebenow, Thomas Wilson, Benjamin Maas, Emily Aladnani, Rosalyn J Moran, Jason White, Terry Lohrenz, Ihtsham ul Haq, Mustafa S Siddiqui, Adrian W Laxton, Stephen B Tatter, P Read Montague, Kenneth T Kishida
bioRxiv, 2023.09. 11 557178
Intracranial subsecond dopamine measurements during a “sure bet or gamble” decision-making task in patients with alcohol use disorder suggest diminished dopaminergic signals about relief [PDF]
Brittany Liebenow, Angela Jiang, Emily DiMarco, Thomas Wilson, Mustafa S. Siddiqui, Ihtsham ul Haq, Adrian W. Laxton, Stephen B. Tatter, and Kenneth T. Kishida
Neurosurgical Focus 54 (2), E3
Time perception reflects individual differences in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease [PDF]
Emily DiMarco, Renata Sadibolova, Angela Jiang, Brittany Nicole Liebenow, Rachel E Jones, Ihtsham ul Haq, Mustafa S Siddiqui, Devin B Terhune, Kenneth T Kishida
Parkinsonism & related sisorders 114
Sub-second fluctuations in extracellular dopamine encode reward and punishment prediction errors in humans [PDF]
Paul Sands III, Angela Jiang, Brittany Liebenow, Emily DiMarco, Adrian Laxton, Stephen Tatter, Read Montague, Kenneth Kishida
bioRxiv, 2023.02. 24.529709
Multi-Task Learning for Sparsity Pattern Heterogeneity: A Discrete Optimization Approach [PDF]
G Loewinger, K Behdin, KT Kishida, G Parmigiani, R Mazumder
arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.08697, 2022
Hierarchical resampling for bagging in multistudy prediction with applications to human neurochemical sensing
G Loewinger, P Patil, KT Kishida, G Parmigiani
The annals of applied statistics 16 (4), 2145-2165, 2022
Computational reinforcement learning, reward (and punishment), and dopamine in psychiatric disorders [PDF]
Brittany Liebenow, Rachel Jones, Emily DiMarco, Jonathan D Trattner, Joseph Humphries, L Paul Sands, Kasey P Spry, Christina K Johnson, Evelyn B Farkas, Angela Jiang, Kenneth T Kishida
Frontiers in Psychiatry 13, 2333, 2022
Intracranial approach for sub-second monitoring of neurotransmitters during DBS electrode implantation does not increase infection rate [PDF]
Brittany Liebenow, Michelle Williams, Thomas Wilson, Ihtsham ul Haq, Mustafa S Siddiqui, Adrian W Laxton, Stephen B Tatter, Kenneth T Kishida
PloS one 17 (8), e0271348, 2022
Subjective Feelings associated with Expectations and Rewards during Risky Decision-making in Impulse Control Disorder [PDF]
Brittany Liebenow, Angela Jiang, Emily DiMarco, Lester Sands, Mary Moya-Mendez, Adrian Laxton, Mustafa Siddiqui, Ihtsham Haq, Kenneth Kishida
2022
Glycemic variability disrupts sleep through KATP channel activity
C Carroll, M Stanley, R Irmen, A Mitra, J Snipes, M Raichle, D Holtzman, R Gould, K Kishida, S Macauley
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM 42 (1_ SUPPL), 99-100, 2022
P272. Diminished ‘Punishment Learning’in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression [PDF]
Rachel Jones, L Paul Sands, Jonathan D Trattner, Angela Jiang, Heather E Douglas, Predrag V Gligorovic, Kenneth Kishida
Biological Psychiatry 91 (9), S197-S198, 2022
P278. Comorbid Depression and Impulse Control Disorder are Associated With Time Perception Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Patients [PDF]
Emily DiMarco, Renata Sadibolova, Rachel Jones, Angela Jiang, Brittany Liebenow, Ihtsham Haq, Mustafa Siddiqui, Devin Terhune, Kenneth Kishida
Biological Psychiatry 91 (9), S200, 2022
Acute hyper-and hypoglycemia uncouples the metabolic cooperation between glucose and lactate to disrupt sleep [PDF]
Caitlin M Carroll, Molly Stanley, Ryan V Raut, Nicholas J Constantino, Riley E Irmen, Anish Mitra, J Andy Snipes, Marcus E Raichle, David M Holtzman, Robert W Gould, Kenneth T Kishida, Shannon L Macauley
bioRxiv, 2022
A Dynamic Affective Core to Bind the Contents, Context, and Value of Conscious Experience [PDF]
KT Kishida, LP Sands
Affect Dynamics, 293-328, 2021
Sub-second dopamine and serotonin signaling in human striatum during perceptual decision-making [PDF]
Dan Bang, Kenneth T Kishida, Terry Lohrenz, Jason P White, Adrian W Laxton, Stephen B Tatter, Stephen M Fleming, P Read Montague
Neuron 108 (5), 999-1010. e6, 2020
Role of University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes in a real world setting (1921)
N Pulley, B Liebenow, K Kishida, M Siddiqui
Neurology 94 (15 Supplement), 2020
Diminished single-stimulus response in vmPFC to favorite people in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder [PDF]
Kenneth T Kishida, Josepheen De Asis-Cruz, Diane Treadwell-Deering, Brittany Liebenow, Michael S Beauchamp, P Read Montague
Biological psychology 145, 174-184, 2019
COVARIATE-PROFILE SIMILARITY WEIGHTING AND BAGGING STUDIES WITH THE STUDY STRAP: MULTI-STUDY LEARNING FOR HUMAN NEUROCHEMICAL SENSING [PDF]
G Loewinger, P Patil, K Kishida
2019
Random burst sensing of neurotransmitters [PDF]
PR Montague, T Lohrenz, J White, RJ Moran, KT Kishida
bioRxiv, 607077, 2019
The protective action encoding of serotonin transients in the human brain [PDF]
Rosalyn J Moran, Kenneth T Kishida, Terry Lohrenz, Ignacio Saez, Adrian W Laxton, Mark R Witcher, Stephen B Tatter, Thomas L Ellis, Paul EM Phillips, Peter Dayan, P Read Montague
Neuropsychopharmacology 43 (6), 1425-1435, 2018
Computational underpinnings of neuromodulation in humans [PDF]
PR Montague, KT Kishida
Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 83, 71-82, 2018
BOLD and its connection to dopamine release in human striatum: a cross-cohort comparison [PDF]
T Lohrenz, KT Kishida, PR Montague
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371 …, 2016
An efficiency framework for valence processing systems inspired by soft cross-wiring [PDF]
PR Montague, KT Kishida, RJ Moran, TM Lohrenz
Current opinion in behavioral sciences 11, 121-129, 2016
Subsecond dopamine fluctuations in human striatum encode superposed error signals about actual and counterfactual reward [PDF]
Kenneth T Kishida, Ignacio Saez, Terry Lohrenz, Mark R Witcher, Adrian W Laxton, Stephen B Tatter, Jason P White, Thomas L Ellis, Paul EM Phillips, P Read Montague
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (1), 200-205, 2016
Single-stimulus functional MRI produces a neural individual difference measure for autism spectrum disorder
James T Lu, Kenneth T Kishida, Josepheen De Asis-Cruz, Terry Lohrenz, Diane Treadwell-Deering, Michael Beauchamp, P Read Montague
Clinical Psychological Science 3 (3), 422-432, 2015
Nonpolitical images evoke neural predictors of political ideology [PDF]
Woo-Young Ahn, Kenneth T Kishida, Xiaosi Gu, Terry Lohrenz, Ann Harvey, John R Alford, Kevin B Smith, Gideon Yaffe, John R Hibbing, Peter Dayan, P Read Montague
Current Biology 24 (22), 2693-2699, 2014
Economic probes of mental function and the extraction of computational phenotypes [PDF]
KT Kishida, PR Montague
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 94, 234-241, 2013
NEUROBEHAVIORAL INFLUENCE OF CONTROL ON THE EXPRESSION OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PROBLEM SOLVING CAPACITY
K Kishida, EJ Kim, A Harvey, PR Montague
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE, 60-60, 2013
New approaches to investigating social gestures in autism spectrum disorder [PDF]
KT Kishida, J Li, J Schwind, PR Montague
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 4 (1), 1-11, 2012
Searching for quantitative biomarkers of ASD using computational approaches and rapid assessment fMRI [PDF]
KT Kishida
2012
A computational approach to "free wil" constrained by the games we play [PDF]
KT Kishida
Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience 6, 85, 2012
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS THROUGH A NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL LENS
MA Patriquin, A Scarpa, BH Friedman, SW White, KT Kishida
PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY 49, S7-S7, 2012
Imaging models of valuation during social interaction in humans [PDF]
KT Kishida, PR Montague
Biological psychiatry 72 (2), 93-100, 2012
Implicit signals in small group settings and their impact on the expression of cognitive capacity and associated brain responses [PDF]
KT Kishida, D Yang, KH Quartz, SR Quartz, PR Montague
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367 …, 2012
Sub-second dopamine detection in human striatum [PDF]
Kenneth T Kishida, Stefan G Sandberg, Terry Lohrenz, Youssef G Comair, Ignacio Sáez, Paul EM Phillips, P Read Montague
PloS one 6 (8), e23291, 2011
Neuroeconomic approaches to mental disorders [PDF]
KT Kishida, B King-Casas, PR Montague
Neuron 67 (4), 543-554, 2010
Reactive oxygen species, synaptic plasticity, and memory [PDF]
KT Kishida, E Klann
Oxidative neural injury, 1-27, 2009
Self responses along cingulate cortex reveal quantitative neural phenotype for high-functioning autism [PDF]
Pearl H Chiu, M Amin Kayali, Kenneth T Kishida, Damon Tomlin, Laura G Klinger, Mark R Klinger, P Read Montague
Neuron 57 (3), 463-473, 2008
Sources and targets of reactive oxygen species in synaptic plasticity and memory [PDF]
KT Kishida, E Klann
Antioxidants & redox signaling 9 (2), 233-244, 2007
Synaptic plasticity deficits and mild memory impairments in mouse models of chronic granulomatous disease [PDF]
KT Kishida, CA Hoeffer, D Hu, M Pao, SM Holland, E Klann
Molecular and Cellular Biology 26 (15), 5908-5920, 2006
The Role of NADPH Oxidase in Signal Transduction, Synaptic Plasticity, and Memory in the Hippocampus
KT Kishida
Baylor College of Medicine. Department of Neuroscience, 2006
NADPH oxidase is required for NMDA receptorâ€dependent activation of ERK in hippocampal area CA1 [PDF]
KT Kishida, M Pao, SM Holland, E Klann
Journal of neurochemistry 94 (2), 299-306, 2005
Reactive oxygen species: cellular signaling molecules critical for hippocampal LTP and memory
E Klann, F Serrano, MV Tejada-Simon, LE Villasana, KT Kishida
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY 87, 21-21, 2003
Inhibition of baculoviral disease by plant-mediated peroxidase activity and free radical generation [PDF]
Kelli Hoover, Kenneth T Kishida, Louis A DiGiorgio, Jeff Workman, Susan A Alaniz, Bruce D Hammock, Sean S Duffey
Journal of Chemical Ecology 24 (12), 1949-2001, 1998
Modeling Multiple Analytes Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry
AM Eltahir, JP White, TM Lohrenz, KT Kishida, PR Montague
nan
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Looking to volunteer as research study participant or want to learn more about the brain? Are you interested in joining the lab? Use the contact form below or reach out to Dr.K @ kkishida@wakehealth.edu.